The Markov decision processes (MDPs) represent beautiful mathematical aspects for solving probabilistic decision-making problems. Considering the complex relationship between parameters and different creative methods of solving made MDP a powerful approach to problem-solving in the literature, for example in inventory control, supply chain, financial analysis problems, etc.
In February 2025, I presented at the University of Tehran about MDP, the literature on MDP (mostly before RL!), the Bellman optimality equation, and classical MDP examples.